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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Stefan-Boltzmann constant ： ウィキペディア英語版 Stefan–Boltzmann constant The Stefan–Boltzmann constant (also Stefan's constant), a physical constant denoted by the Greek letter ''σ''(sigma), is the constant of proportionality in the Stefan–Boltzmann law: "the total intensity radiated over all wavelengths increases as the temperature increases", of a black body which is proportional to the fourth power of the thermodynamic temperature. The theory of thermal radiation lays down the theory of quantum mechanics, by using physics to relate to molecular, atomic and sub-atomic levels. Slovenian physicist Josef Stefan formulated the constant in 1879, and it was later derived in 1884 by Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/564843/Stefan-Boltzmann-law )〕 The equation can also be derived from Planck's Law, by integrating over all wavelengths at a given temperature, which will represent a small flat black body box. "The amount of thermal radiation emitted increases rapidly and the principal frequency of the radiation becomes higher with increasing temperatures". The Stefan-Boltzmann constant can be used to measure the amount of heat that is emitted by a blackbody, which absorbs all of the radiant energy that hits it, and will emit all the radiant energy. Furthermore, the Stefan–Boltzmann constant allows for temperature (K) to be converted to units for intensity (W/m2), which is power per unit area. The value of the Stefan–Boltzmann constant is given in SI units by : In cgs units the Stefan–Boltzmann constant is: :$\backslash sigma\; \backslash approx\; 5.6704\; \backslash times\; 10^\backslash \; \backslash textrm\backslash ,\backslash ,\backslash textrm^\backslash ,\backslash textrm^\backslash ,\backslash textrm^.$ In thermochemistry the Stefan–Boltzmann constant is often expressed in cal cm-2 day-1 K-4: :$\backslash sigma\; \backslash approx\; 11.7\; \backslash times\; 10^\backslash \; \backslash textrm\backslash ,\backslash ,\backslash textrm^\backslash ,\backslash textrm^\backslash ,\backslash textrm^.$ In US customary units the Stefan–Boltzmann constant is:〔Heat and Mass Transfer: a Practical Approach, 3rd Ed. Yunus A. Çengel, McGraw Hill, 2007〕 :$\backslash sigma\; =\; 0.1714\; \backslash times\; 10^\backslash \; \backslash textrm\backslash ,\backslash textrm^\backslash ,\backslash textrm^\backslash ,\backslash textrm^.$ The value of the Stefan–Boltzmann constant is derivable as well as experimentally determinable; see Stefan–Boltzmann law for details. It can be defined in terms of the Boltzmann constant as: :$\backslash sigma\; =\; \backslash frac\; =\; \backslash frac\; =\; 5.670373(21)\; \backslash ,\; \backslash cdot\; 10^\backslash \; \backslash textrm\backslash ,\backslash textrm^\backslash ,\backslash textrm^\backslash ,\backslash textrm^$ where: *''k''B is the Boltzmann constant; *''h'' is the Planck constant; *''ħ'' is the reduced Planck constant; *''c'' is the speed of light in vacuum. The CODATA recommended value is calculated from the measured value of the gas constant: :$\backslash sigma\; =\; \backslash frac\; =\; \backslash frac)^4\; M\_^4\; c^6\; \backslash alpha^8\}$ where: *''R'' is the Universal gas constant; *''N''A is the Avogadro constant; *''R''∞ is the Rydberg constant; *''A''r(e) is the "relative atomic mass" of the electron; *''M''u is the molar mass constant (1 g/mol by definition); *''α'' is the fine structure constant. .. Dimensional formula : (M 1 L 0 T -3 K -4 ) A related constant is the radiation constant (or radiation density constant) ''a'' which is given by:〔(Radiation constant ) from ScienceWorld〕 :$a\; =\; \backslash frac\; =\; 7.5657\; \backslash times\; 10^\; \backslash textrm\backslash ,\backslash textrm^\backslash ,\backslash textrm^\; =\; 7.5657\; \backslash times\; 10^\; \backslash textrm\backslash ,\backslash textrm^\backslash ,\backslash textrm^.$ == References == de:Stefan-Boltzmann-Gesetz 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stefan–Boltzmann constant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.